Can FIFA Victims Sue for Damages?
By Heather Lowe, June 1, 2015
The FIFA Bribery Case Could Lead to Compensation for the Victims of FIFA’s Alleged Corruption
A version of this article originally appeared at Casetext.
You may have noticed that the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) is making sure that we have an idea of whom the victims in this FIFA corruption case are. They noted it in their press release, talked about it at their press conference, and included it in the indictment at paragraph 73. I agree with the Department of Justice that the victims of this case are important. This blog is about why this case could potentially lead to compensation for those victims in a way you might not have considered.
So who are those victims? The DOJ’s indictment describes how FIFA, the FIFA confederations, the confederation members (including national member associations), youth leagues, and development programs all lost out on funds from the marketing contracts that may have been more lucrative for FIFA if there had been competitive bidding for the contracts. In addition, other sports marketing companies that may have lost out on a bid to secure the marketing rights—or may never even had a chance to bid—are also victims.
For those of us that work on development issues, this is a particularly important point. Commercial bribery distorts markets. Among other things, it can:
- prevent honest firms from winning bids and therefore stymie their growth,
- block new companies from entering a market, and
- weaken that market in general because the best service, price, processes, etc., are no longer going to rise to the top, keeping market standards low and depriving consumers of better quality services and products.
When a country or industry is plagued by endemic bribery, these negative economic effects increase exponentially and a country’s economy cannot grow. That’s why the DOJ doesn’t want large-scale bribery taking root in the U.S., and rightly so.
In a blog post published on Friday, I talked about how the U.S. Department of Justice was charging FIFA Defendants with, among other things, a “pattern of racketeering activity,” including charges of violating the Travel Act, 18 U.S.C. 1952. The Travel Act is one of the predicate—or underlying—crimes needed to charge a violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1961–1968, which is usually called RICO. Something that is interesting about RICO is that where a victim can show that a person’s/company’s actions not only violated RICO by, for example, violating the Travel Act, but also caused them some sort of financial harm (damages), the victim can bring a private right of action (a civil lawsuit in the U.S.) against that person/company (see 18 U.S.C. 1964). The defendant doesn’t even need to have been criminally convicted under RICO in order for a victim to bring a civil case against them, but the victim will have to prove the RICO violation in their case in order to recover damages, which is much easier to do where there has already been a criminal conviction.
What can the victim recover? Treble damages plus the cost of the lawsuit, including reasonable attorney’s fees.
I am definitely not a RICO or Travel Act expert by any stretch of the imagination (I can just see all of the experts reading this blog and nodding their heads in agreement with that statement). However, I do know that it is very difficult for victims to prove damages in cases like this, and that more requirements have been added by the courts over the years that make it more difficult for victims to bring a case in the first place. I’d like to see some RICO experts discuss the possibilities of such lawsuits in greater detail, however. Perhaps the International Senior Lawyers Project might be interested in this aspect of the case?
But wouldn’t it be great to see, for example, a Nicaraguan or Zambian youth soccer league funded through the proceeds of a lawsuit such as this?
Having opened that rather large can of worms, I am now going to very slowly back away and see if anything comes of it.
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Heather Lowe serves as legal counsel and director of government affairs at Global Financial Integrity (GFI), spearheading the organization’s advocacy efforts in the U.S. and internationally.
Image: Brazil World Cup Resources by CAFOD Photo Library, Simon Rawles [CC BY-NC-ND 2.0], via Flickr.